Showing posts with label Burden. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Burden. Show all posts

Thursday, October 25, 2012

Thermal Burden of N95 Filtering Facepiece Respirators

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Raymond Roberge*, Stacey Benson and Jung-Hyun Kim
The National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Pittsburgh, PA, USA ?* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. e-mail: dtn0{at}CDC.GOV Received August 4, 2011. Accepted October 13, 2011. Increased thermal perceptions that affect comfort are a leading reason for intolerance to wearing respiratory protective equipment. Despite their popularity and use for decades, relatively little is known about the thermal burden imposed by the use of N95 filtering facepiece respirators (FFR) at normal work rates. Twenty healthy subjects exercised at a low-moderate work rate for 1 and 2 h while wearing four models of N95 FFR (two with an exhalation valve) as core and skin temperatures were monitored wirelessly. N95 FFR use resulted in non-significant minimal increases in core temperature and uncovered facial skin (cheek) temperatures. Facial skin temperature under the FFR was significantly increased over baseline values (P
< 0.001). Wearing N95 FFR for up to 2 h at a low-moderate work rate does not impose a significant thermal burden on core temperature and uncovered facial skin temperature but significantly increases the temperature of the facial skin that is covered by the FFR. Perceptions of increased body heat when wearing N95 FFR under the test conditions are likely not due to effects on core temperature but may relate more to warming of the facial skin covered by the respirator and warming of the inspired air. Published by Oxford University Press 2012.This ArticleAnn Occup Hyg (2012) 56 (7): 808-814. doi: 10.1093/annhyg/mes001 First published online: January 31, 2012 Current IssueThe Annals of Occupational Hygiene
Disclaimer: Please note that abstracts for content published before 1996 were created through digital scanning and may therefore not exactly replicate the text of the original print issues. All efforts have been made to ensure accuracy, but the Publisher will not be held responsible for any remaining inaccuracies. If you require any further clarification, please contact our Customer Services Department.

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Tuesday, October 23, 2012

Frequent Bending--An Underestimated Burden in Nursing Professions

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Sonja Freitag1,*, Isabell Fincke-Junod1, Rachida Seddouki2, Madeleine Dulon1, Ingo Hermanns3, Jan Felix Kersten4, Tore J. Larsson5 and Albert Nienhaus2
1Institution for Statutory Accident Insurance and Prevention in the Health and Welfare Services, (BGW), Department for the Principle of Prevention and Rehabilitation, Pappelallee 33/35/37, 22089 Hamburg, Germany
2Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing, UKE—University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
3Institute for Occupational Safety and Health of the German Social Accident Insurance (IFA), Department 4: Physical Effects of Work Organisation, Alte Heerstraße 111, 53757 Sankt Augustin, Germany
4Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, UKE—University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
5Centre for Health and Building, KTH—Royal Institute of Technology, Marinens väg 30, 136 40 Haninge, Sweden ?* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +49-4020-207-3233; fax: +49-4020-207-3298; e-mail: sonja.freitag{at}bgw-online.de Received June 21, 2011. Accepted January 14, 2012. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to quantify the total duration per shift in which nurses work in a forward bending position over 20°. Furthermore, the influence of several factors on the occurrence of sagittal trunk inclinations in nurses was investigated.
Methods: Trunk postures were recorded for nine nursing home nurses from four German nursing homes and 18 hospital nurses from seven hospitals using the CUELA measurement system. A total of 79 shifts, 27 in nursing homes and 52 in hospitals, were analysed. All measurements were supported by video recordings. Specially developed software (WIDAAN 2.75) was used to synchronize the measurement data and video footage. Results: The total duration of inclinations per shift was significantly affected by the working area (nursing home or hospital) with an increase of 25.3 min in nursing homes (95% confidence interval 2.4–48.2; P = 0.032). Another factor was the extent of personal basic care tasks performed by the nurses (P < 0.001). Nursing home nurses worked about twice as long per shift in a forward bending position compared with hospital nurses (112 versus 63 min; P < 0.001) and they assumed almost one-third more inclinations per shift (1541 versus 1170; P = 0.005). Conclusions: Nursing staff perform a large number of inclinations. The amount of time spent by nurses working in a forward bending position was highly dependent on the working area and the extent to which patients were in need of help. It is very likely that future preventive measures, focussing on reducing the huge amount of inclination, would reduce the physical stress in everyday nursing work substantially. © The Author 2012. Published by Oxford University Press [on behalf of the British Occupational Hygiene Society]. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. This ArticleAnn Occup Hyg (2012) 56 (6): 697-707. doi: 10.1093/annhyg/mes002 First published online: February 22, 2012 Current IssueThe Annals of Occupational Hygiene
Disclaimer: Please note that abstracts for content published before 1996 were created through digital scanning and may therefore not exactly replicate the text of the original print issues. All efforts have been made to ensure accuracy, but the Publisher will not be held responsible for any remaining inaccuracies. If you require any further clarification, please contact our Customer Services Department.

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Asbestos Fibre Burden in the Lungs of Patients with Mesothelioma Who Lived Near Asbestos-Cement Factories

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Pietro Gino Barbieri1,*, Dario Mirabelli2, Anna Somigliana3, Domenica Cavone4 and Enzo Merler5
1Mesothelioma Registry, Occupational Health Unit, Local Health Authority, 25128 Brescia, Italy
2Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, University of Turin and CPO-Piemonte, 10126 Turin, Italy
3Centre of Electron Microscopy, Lombardy Environmental Protection Agency (ARPA), 20129 Milan, Italy
4Apulia Mesothelioma Registry, Occupational Health Section B. Ramazzini, Department of Internal Medicine and Public Health, University of , Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy
5Venetian Mesothelioma Registry, Occupational Health Unit, Local Health Authority, 35121 Padua, Italy ?* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +39 030 3838677; fax: +39 030 3838540; e-mail: pietro.barbieri{at}aslbrescia.it Received December 8, 2010. Accepted December 2, 2011. Background Epidemics of malignant mesothelioma are occurring among inhabitants of Casale Monferrato and Bari never employed in the local asbestos-cement (AC) factories. The mesothelioma risk increased with proximity of residence to both plants.
Objectives To provide information on the intensity of environmental asbestos exposure, in the general population living around these factories, through the evaluation of the lung fibre burden in mesothelioma patients. Methods We analysed by a scanning electron microscope equipped with X-ray microanalysis wet (formalin-fixed) lung tissue samples from eight mesothelioma patients who lived in Casale Monferrato or Bari and underwent surgery. Their occupational and residential history was obtained during face-to-face interviews. Semi-quantitative and quantitative indices of cumulative environmental exposure to asbestos were computed, based on residential distance from the AC plants and duration of stay. Results The lung fibre burden ranged from 110?000 to 4?300?000 fibres per gram of dry lung (f/g) and was >1?000?000 f/g in three subjects. In four cases, only amphibole fibres were detected. Environmental exposures had ceased at least 10 years before samples were taken. No patient had other definite or probable asbestos exposures. A linear relationship was observed between the lung fibre burden and all three indices of environmental cumulative exposure to asbestos. Conclusions Environmental exposure to a mixture of asbestos fibres may lead to a high lung fibre burden of amphiboles years after exposure cessation. The epidemiological evidence of an increased mesothelioma risk for the general population of Casale Monferrato and Bari, associated with asbestos contamination of the living environment, is corroborated. © The Author 2012. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Occupational Hygiene SocietyThis ArticleAnn Occup Hyg (2012) 56 (6): 660-670. doi: 10.1093/annhyg/mer126 First published online: January 12, 2012 Current IssueThe Annals of Occupational Hygiene
Disclaimer: Please note that abstracts for content published before 1996 were created through digital scanning and may therefore not exactly replicate the text of the original print issues. All efforts have been made to ensure accuracy, but the Publisher will not be held responsible for any remaining inaccuracies. If you require any further clarification, please contact our Customer Services Department.

View the original article here

Thermal Burden of N95 Filtering Facepiece Respirators

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Raymond Roberge*, Stacey Benson and Jung-Hyun Kim
The National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Pittsburgh, PA, USA ?* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. e-mail: dtn0{at}CDC.GOV Received August 4, 2011. Accepted October 13, 2011. Increased thermal perceptions that affect comfort are a leading reason for intolerance to wearing respiratory protective equipment. Despite their popularity and use for decades, relatively little is known about the thermal burden imposed by the use of N95 filtering facepiece respirators (FFR) at normal work rates. Twenty healthy subjects exercised at a low-moderate work rate for 1 and 2 h while wearing four models of N95 FFR (two with an exhalation valve) as core and skin temperatures were monitored wirelessly. N95 FFR use resulted in non-significant minimal increases in core temperature and uncovered facial skin (cheek) temperatures. Facial skin temperature under the FFR was significantly increased over baseline values (P
< 0.001). Wearing N95 FFR for up to 2 h at a low-moderate work rate does not impose a significant thermal burden on core temperature and uncovered facial skin temperature but significantly increases the temperature of the facial skin that is covered by the FFR. Perceptions of increased body heat when wearing N95 FFR under the test conditions are likely not due to effects on core temperature but may relate more to warming of the facial skin covered by the respirator and warming of the inspired air. Published by Oxford University Press 2012.This ArticleAnn Occup Hyg (2012) 56 (7): 808-814. doi: 10.1093/annhyg/mes001 First published online: January 31, 2012 Current IssueThe Annals of Occupational Hygiene
Disclaimer: Please note that abstracts for content published before 1996 were created through digital scanning and may therefore not exactly replicate the text of the original print issues. All efforts have been made to ensure accuracy, but the Publisher will not be held responsible for any remaining inaccuracies. If you require any further clarification, please contact our Customer Services Department.

View the original article here

Thursday, October 18, 2012

Asbestos Fibre Burden in the Lungs of Patients with Mesothelioma Who Lived Near Asbestos-Cement Factories

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Pietro Gino Barbieri1,*, Dario Mirabelli2, Anna Somigliana3, Domenica Cavone4 and Enzo Merler5
1Mesothelioma Registry, Occupational Health Unit, Local Health Authority, 25128 Brescia, Italy
2Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, University of Turin and CPO-Piemonte, 10126 Turin, Italy
3Centre of Electron Microscopy, Lombardy Environmental Protection Agency (ARPA), 20129 Milan, Italy
4Apulia Mesothelioma Registry, Occupational Health Section B. Ramazzini, Department of Internal Medicine and Public Health, University of , Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy
5Venetian Mesothelioma Registry, Occupational Health Unit, Local Health Authority, 35121 Padua, Italy ?* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +39 030 3838677; fax: +39 030 3838540; e-mail: pietro.barbieri{at}aslbrescia.it Received December 8, 2010. Accepted December 2, 2011. Background Epidemics of malignant mesothelioma are occurring among inhabitants of Casale Monferrato and Bari never employed in the local asbestos-cement (AC) factories. The mesothelioma risk increased with proximity of residence to both plants.
Objectives To provide information on the intensity of environmental asbestos exposure, in the general population living around these factories, through the evaluation of the lung fibre burden in mesothelioma patients. Methods We analysed by a scanning electron microscope equipped with X-ray microanalysis wet (formalin-fixed) lung tissue samples from eight mesothelioma patients who lived in Casale Monferrato or Bari and underwent surgery. Their occupational and residential history was obtained during face-to-face interviews. Semi-quantitative and quantitative indices of cumulative environmental exposure to asbestos were computed, based on residential distance from the AC plants and duration of stay. Results The lung fibre burden ranged from 110?000 to 4?300?000 fibres per gram of dry lung (f/g) and was >1?000?000 f/g in three subjects. In four cases, only amphibole fibres were detected. Environmental exposures had ceased at least 10 years before samples were taken. No patient had other definite or probable asbestos exposures. A linear relationship was observed between the lung fibre burden and all three indices of environmental cumulative exposure to asbestos. Conclusions Environmental exposure to a mixture of asbestos fibres may lead to a high lung fibre burden of amphiboles years after exposure cessation. The epidemiological evidence of an increased mesothelioma risk for the general population of Casale Monferrato and Bari, associated with asbestos contamination of the living environment, is corroborated. © The Author 2012. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Occupational Hygiene SocietyThis ArticleAnn Occup Hyg (2012) 56 (6): 660-670. doi: 10.1093/annhyg/mer126 First published online: January 12, 2012 Current IssueThe Annals of Occupational Hygiene
Disclaimer: Please note that abstracts for content published before 1996 were created through digital scanning and may therefore not exactly replicate the text of the original print issues. All efforts have been made to ensure accuracy, but the Publisher will not be held responsible for any remaining inaccuracies. If you require any further clarification, please contact our Customer Services Department.

View the original article here

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